Physical Images Definition

Gilliam's animations link with Hanna Hoch's composites since both images and animation involve the manipulation of physical items to create something. For example, both Hanna and Gilliam's work both involve the use of newspaper that was cut to create their final pieces.

Hoch and Gilliam are a part of the Dada art movement. Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire and in New York.

Definition: Physically manipulated images.

Photo manipulation involves transforming or altering a photograph using various methods and techniques to achieve desired results.

Whilst this is usually done using software,  the physical adaptation of images is practised through e.g.

Tearing

Painting

scratching